Elon Musk JUST LAUNCHED A New Tesla Powertrain For 2024!
At its Investor Day today, Tesla declared that it would develop a permanent magnet electric vehicle engine that contained no rare earth materials. In EV supply chains, rare earth elements are a source of friction since they can be difficult to obtain and because China is where the vast majority of the world’s output is obtained or processed. So, how will Tesla make this happen? What is Tesla’s mystery magnet, then? Let’s find out!
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On March 1, Tesla held its annual investor day. The event started with a long, in-depth speech on energy and the environment before moving into a series of somewhat predictable announcements and claims. And then, almost out of nowhere, Colin Campbell, Tesla’s director of power-train engineering, revealed: “We have designed our next drive unit, which uses a permanent-magnet motor, to not use any rare-earth elements at all.”
The majority of permanent magnetism experts were wary and confused by this shocking revelation.
The issue here is physics, which not even Tesla can change.
Likewise Ping Liu, a professor at the University of Texas in Arlington, questioned other scientists at a recent magnetics conference what they thought of Tesla’s remark. He claims that “no one fully comprehends this.”
The technical expertise of Tesla should never be disregarded. We’re still waiting for that US $35,000 Model 3, for example, but on the other hand, the company, and in particular its CEO, has a history of making sporadic dramatic statements that don’t materialize.
Physics is the issue in this situation, which even Tesla cannot change. When some of the atoms in a crystal are forced to have their electron spins point in the same direction, permanent magnetism develops in those materials. The magnetism is greater the more of these aligned spins there are. The best atoms for this purpose are those that have a swarm of unpaired electrons in what are referred to as 3d orbitals surrounding the nucleus. Tops are cobalt with three and iron, which has four unpaired third-order electrons.
Superstrong magnets can’t be created with just 3d electrons, though. The rare-earth metals neodymium, samarium, and dysprosium are among those that can be added to the crystalline lattice to significantly increase magnetic strength, as scientists discovered decades ago. The magnetic moments of the atoms are essentially encouraged to cling to the precise directions in the crystal lattice by these 4f electrons, enhancing a property of the crystalline lattice known as magnetic anisotropy.
That can then be used to generate high coercivity, which is a crucial characteristic that enables a permanent magnet to maintain its magnetic field. Likewise, by coordinating and maintaining the spin alignment of the 3d electrons in the lattice, the unpaired 4f electrons can increase the crystal’s magnetic properties through a number of intricate physical mechanisms.
In high-performance applications, such as motors, smartphones, loudspeakers, and wind-turbine generators, a permanent magnet based on the compound neodymium, iron, and boron (NdFeB) has dominated since the 1980s. More than 90% of the permanent magnets used in vehicle traction motors in 2019 were NdFeB, according to a survey by London’s Roskill Information Services.
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